Pta-2429

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Great Zimbabwe, c. 635–507 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
540
Error (±)
40
Lab
NA
Method
NA
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
  • 635–589
  • 563–507

Context

Site
Great Zimbabwe
Context
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (17) 

@misc{Hall M. 1980. An iron-smelting site in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve Zululand.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.165-175.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{huffman1991cgz,
  
}
@misc{robinson1961ecd,
  
}
@misc{chirikure2013bcg,
  
}
@misc{sheppard1966rrm,
  
}
@misc{Robinson K.R. 1961. An early iron-age site from the Chibi district Southern Rhodesia.The South African Archaeological Bulletin16(63) pp.75-102.,
  
}
@misc{Crane and Griffin 1959: 37; Faunmap 1914,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys AJB. 1975. Burchell's Shelter: The history and archaeology of a northern Cape rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin30(117/118) pp.3-18.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.,
  
}
@misc{CONTEXT after Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; PPND,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.,
  
}
@misc{Linseele V. 2007,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Hall M. 1980. An iron-smelting site in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve Zululand.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.165-175.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"huffman1991cgz","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"robinson1961ecd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"chirikure2013bcg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sheppard1966rrm","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robinson K.R. 1961. An early iron-age site from the Chibi district Southern Rhodesia.The South African Archaeological Bulletin16(63) pp.75-102.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Crane and Griffin 1959: 37; Faunmap 1914","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys AJB. 1975. Burchell's Shelter: The history and archaeology of a northern Cape rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin30(117/118) pp.3-18.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT after Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; PPND","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Linseele V. 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: Hall M. 1980. An iron-smelting site in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve Zululand.Annals
  of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.165-175.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: huffman1991cgz
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: robinson1961ecd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: chirikure2013bcg
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sheppard1966rrm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Robinson K.R. 1961. An early iron-age site from the Chibi district Southern
  Rhodesia.The South African Archaeological Bulletin16(63) pp.75-102.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Crane and Griffin 1959: 37; Faunmap 1914'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Humphreys AJB. 1975. Burchell''s Shelter: The history and archaeology
  of a northern Cape rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin30(117/118)
  pp.3-18.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western
  Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CONTEXT after Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; PPND
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1)
  pp.157-175.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Linseele V. 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog