GrA-45012

Radiocarbon date from Willendorf II, c. 42870–42272 cal BP

Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP): 38790
Error (±): 400
Lab: NA
Method: NA
Sample material: charcoal
Sample taxon: NA

Calibration

Calibration curve

IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)

Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)

42870–42272

Context

Site: Willendorf II
Context
Sample position: NA
Sample coordinates: NA

Bibliographic references (33)

No bibliographic information available. [Zazzo A. 2014. Radiocarbon 56. L. Chiotti / Quaternary International 359-360 (2015) 406e422]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
No bibliographic information available. [Affolter J. 1994. Cupillard C. 2014. QI.2014.05.032.]
Capuzzo, G., Boaretto, E., & Barceló, J. A. (2014). EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France. Radiocarbon, 56(2), 851–869. https://doi.org/10.2458/56.17453 [EUBAR]
No bibliographic information available. [Banadora]
No bibliographic information available. [Trinkaus E. 2007. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 263-73. Angelucci D. 2009. Geoarchaeology 24: 277-310.]
No bibliographic information available. [Banadora. Nigst P. 2008. Quartar 55: 9-15.]
No bibliographic information available. [Banadora. Nigst P. 2008. Quartar 55: 9-15. Haesaerts P. 2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P. 2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647. Teyssander N. 2018. JPA]
Vermeersch, P. M. (2020). Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included. Data Brief, 31, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793 [Vermeersch 2020]
No bibliographic information available. [Le Bras-Goude 2010]
No bibliographic information available. [Stadler 1995]
No bibliographic information available. [Soto A. 2015. QI 364: 144-152.]
No bibliographic information available. [http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/index.phpàid=38 Floss H. 2015 Palethnologie 7:]
No bibliographic information available. [Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 56]
No bibliographic information available. [Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 55]
No bibliographic information available. [Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 54]
No bibliographic information available. [Street & Terbergen 2000. Thez German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-291. Hasaert P. Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33: 133. Nigst PR. 2011 L'A i p. Davies W. 2015. QSR ip]
No bibliographic information available. [De Quiros B. 1996. Eraul: 323-327.]
No bibliographic information available. [Lopez Pablo 2009]
No bibliographic information available. [Nigst P.R. 2012. L'Anthropologie 116: 575-608.]
No bibliographic information available. [Moure Romanillo A.M. & Gonzalez Morales M. R. 1988. Trabajos de Prehistoria 45: 19-49.]
No bibliographic information available. [Teyssander N. 2018. JPA]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian F. 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin. Kovacs J. Bulletin of Geosciences 2012. 87: 13-19. Maier A. 2015 The Central European Magdalenian Springer. G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.]
No bibliographic information available. [Groningen IV 174]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris. Soffer O. 1985. The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain. Gavrilov K.N. 2015. QI 359-360: 335-345.]
No bibliographic information available. [Lanting/Mook 1977 86.]
No bibliographic information available. [Deevey 1967 34]
No bibliographic information available. [Banadora. Haesaerts P. 2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P. 2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647.]
No bibliographic information available. [Breunig 1987 168]
No bibliographic information available. [Caron-Laviolette E. 2018 Quaternary International 49: 12-29]
No bibliographic information available. [Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1]
No bibliographic information available. [Puchol 2016]

@misc{Zazzo A.  2014. Radiocarbon 56. L. Chiotti  / Quaternary International 359-360 (2015) 406e422,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Affolter J.  1994. Cupillard C.  2014. QI.2014.05.032.,
  
}
@article{CapuzzoEtAl2014,
  title = {EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France},
  shorttitle = {EUBAR},
  author = {Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.},
  year = {2014},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Radiocarbon},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {851–869},
  issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
  doi = {10.2458/56.17453},
  abstract = {The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.},
  langid = {english},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Trinkaus E.  2007. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 263-73. Angelucci D.  2009. Geoarchaeology 24: 277-310.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Nigst P.  2008. Quartar 55: 9-15.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Nigst P.  2008. Quartar 55: 9-15. Haesaerts P.  2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647. Teyssander N.  2018. JPA,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Le Bras-Goude 2010,
  
}
@misc{Stadler 1995,
  
}
@misc{Soto A.  2015. QI 364: 144-152.,
  
}
@misc{http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/index.phpàid=38 Floss H. 2015 Palethnologie 7:,
  
}
@misc{Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 56,
  
}
@misc{Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 55,
  
}
@misc{Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 54,
  
}
@misc{Street & Terbergen 2000. Thez German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-291. Hasaert P.  Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33: 133.  Nigst PR.  2011 L'A i p. Davies W. 2015. QSR ip,
  
}
@misc{De Quiros B. 1996. Eraul: 323-327.,
  
}
@misc{Lopez Pablo 2009,
  
}
@misc{Nigst P.R.  2012. L'Anthropologie 116: 575-608.,
  
}
@misc{Moure Romanillo A.M. & Gonzalez Morales M. R. 1988. Trabajos de Prehistoria 45: 19-49.,
  
}
@misc{Teyssander N.  2018. JPA,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F.  1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin. Kovacs J. Bulletin of Geosciences 2012. 87: 13-19. Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian Springer. G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.,
  
}
@misc{Groningen IV 174,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris. Soffer O. 1985. The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain. Gavrilov K.N.  2015. QI 359-360: 335-345.,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/Mook 1977 86.,
  
}
@misc{Deevey 1967 34,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Haesaerts P.  2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647.,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987 168,
  
}
@misc{Caron-Laviolette E.  2018 Quaternary International 49: 12-29,
  
}
@misc{Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1,
  
}
@misc{Puchol 2016,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Zazzo A.  2014. Radiocarbon 56. L. Chiotti  / Quaternary International 359-360 (2015) 406e422","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Affolter J.  1994. Cupillard C.  2014. QI.2014.05.032.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CapuzzoEtAl2014","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France}","shorttitle":"{EUBAR}","author":"{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}","year":"{2014}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Radiocarbon}","volume":"{56}","number":"{2}","pages":"{851–869}","issn":"{0033-8222, 1945-5755}","doi":"{10.2458/56.17453}","abstract":"{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}","langid":"{english}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Trinkaus E.  2007. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 263-73. Angelucci D.  2009. Geoarchaeology 24: 277-310.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Nigst P.  2008. Quartar 55: 9-15.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Nigst P.  2008. Quartar 55: 9-15. Haesaerts P.  2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647. Teyssander N.  2018. JPA","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Le Bras-Goude 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stadler 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Soto A.  2015. QI 364: 144-152.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/index.phpàid=38 Floss H. 2015 Palethnologie 7:","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 56","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 55","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 54","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Street & Terbergen 2000. Thez German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-291. Hasaert P.  Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33: 133.  Nigst PR.  2011 L'A i p. Davies W. 2015. QSR ip","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"De Quiros B. 1996. Eraul: 323-327.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lopez Pablo 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nigst P.R.  2012. L'Anthropologie 116: 575-608.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moure Romanillo A.M. & Gonzalez Morales M. R. 1988. Trabajos de Prehistoria 45: 19-49.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Teyssander N.  2018. JPA","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F.  1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin. Kovacs J. Bulletin of Geosciences 2012. 87: 13-19. Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian Springer. G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Groningen IV 174","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris. Soffer O. 1985. The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain. Gavrilov K.N.  2015. QI 359-360: 335-345.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/Mook 1977 86.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deevey 1967 34","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Haesaerts P.  2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Breunig 1987 168","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Caron-Laviolette E.  2018 Quaternary International 49: 12-29","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Puchol 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}

---
:bibtex_key: Zazzo A.  2014. Radiocarbon 56. L. Chiotti  / Quaternary International
  359-360 (2015) 406e422
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: Affolter J.  1994. Cupillard C.  2014. QI.2014.05.032.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CapuzzoEtAl2014
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian
    Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern
    France}"
  :shorttitle: "{EUBAR}"
  :author: "{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}"
  :year: "{2014}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Radiocarbon}"
  :volume: "{56}"
  :number: "{2}"
  :pages: "{851–869}"
  :issn: "{0033-8222, 1945-5755}"
  :doi: "{10.2458/56.17453}"
  :abstract: "{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative
    chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different
    time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between
    different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach
    was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology.
    To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for
    the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle
    Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological
    information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled
    more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology,
    quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological
    context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis,
    several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and
    different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Trinkaus E.  2007. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 263-73.
  Angelucci D.  2009. Geoarchaeology 24: 277-310.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora. Nigst P.  2008. Quartar 55: 9-15.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora. Nigst P.  2008. Quartar 55: 9-15. Haesaerts P.  2002. Quaternaire
  14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 641-647. Teyssander N.  2018.
  JPA'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: Le Bras-Goude 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stadler 1995
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---
:bibtex_key: 'Soto A.  2015. QI 364: 144-152.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/index.phpàid=38 Floss H. 2015
  Palethnologie 7:'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 56
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 55
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bourgeois/Fontijn 2015 54
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Street & Terbergen 2000. Thez German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters
  of the Golden Age: 281-291. Hasaert P.  Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33: 133.  Nigst
  PR.  2011 L''A i p. Davies W. 2015. QSR ip'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'De Quiros B. 1996. Eraul: 323-327.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lopez Pablo 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Nigst P.R.  2012. L''Anthropologie 116: 575-608.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Moure Romanillo A.M. & Gonzalez Morales M. R. 1988. Trabajos de Prehistoria
  45: 19-49.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Teyssander N.  2018. JPA
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F.  1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin.
  Kovacs J. Bulletin of Geosciences 2012. 87: 13-19. Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian
  Springer. G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Groningen IV 174
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Paris. Soffer O. 1985. The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain.
  Gavrilov K.N.  2015. QI 359-360: 335-345.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/Mook 1977 86.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Deevey 1967 34
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora. Haesaerts P.  2002. Quaternaire 14: 163-188.. Haesaerts P.  2013.
  Radiocarbon 55: 641-647.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Breunig 1987 168
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Caron-Laviolette E.  2018 Quaternary International 49: 12-29'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Puchol 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog

Imported from p3k14c via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC