GrA-13293

Radiocarbon date from Kostenki (Kostienki) 14 (Markina gora), c. 37565–35531 cal BP

Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP): 32180
Error (±): 450
Lab: NA
Method: NA
Sample material: charcoal
Sample taxon: NA

Calibration

Calibration curve

IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)

Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)

37565–35531

Context

Site: Kostenki (Kostienki) 14 (Markina gora)
Context
Sample position: NA
Sample coordinates: NA

Bibliographic references (29)

No bibliographic information available. [Kooijmans2011 451]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
Vermeersch, P. M. (2020). Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included. Data Brief, 31, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793 [Vermeersch 2020]
No bibliographic information available. [Sinitsyn A.A. 2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Anikovich M.V. 2007 Science 315: 223-226. Douka 2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17 480-]
No bibliographic information available. [LÔøΩonova. N.B. Eraul 52 1991: 17-19. Sapozhnikov I. 2005]
No bibliographic information available. [Sinitsyn A.A. 2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka 2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17 480-]
No bibliographic information available. [Lanting/Aerts-Bijma/van der Pflicht 2001 252 Tab. 2]
No bibliographic information available. [Douka 2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17 480-]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Haesaerts P. 2010 PPP 291: 106-127]
No bibliographic information available. [Duarte C. 1999. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 96:7604-7609. Zilhao J e;a; 2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145.]
No bibliographic information available. [Sinitsyn A.A. 2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.. Douka 2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17 480-]
No bibliographic information available. [Lanting et al. 1999/2000]
No bibliographic information available. [Sinitsyn A.A. 2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.]
No bibliographic information available. [Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 169]
No bibliographic information available. [Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Dinnis R. Journal of Human Evolution Volume 127 2019 Pages 21-40]
No bibliographic information available. [Douka 2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17 480 Hasaerts P. 2017 ERAUL 147: :139]
No bibliographic information available. [K. Valoch MoravskÔøΩ Museum Institut Anthropos 659-37 Brno CSSR. Nejmann L. 2011 Archaeometry]
No bibliographic information available. [Straus L.G. 1996. Continuity or Rupture. In: The Last Neanderthals. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Krajcarz M.T. Archaeometry 60 2 (2018) 383-401.]
No bibliographic information available. [Harding/Kavruk 2010 151]
No bibliographic information available. [Dolukhanov 2009]
No bibliographic information available. [Dolukhanov and Romanovka 1970]
No bibliographic information available. [Lund datelist 9 pp.304-8 (Radiocarbon 18 (1976): 290-320);]
No bibliographic information available. [Pollard 2015]
No bibliographic information available. [Oross 2012]
No bibliographic information available. [Bourdonnec F.-X. 2012. JAS 39: 1317-1330. Tushabramishvili N. 2014. ERAUL140: 109-135. Pleurdeau D 2016. QSR 146: 77-98.]
No bibliographic information available. [Dennis R Flas D. 2016. PPS 82: 1-25.]
No bibliographic information available. [McAnany and Lopez-Varela 1999: Table 3]
No bibliographic information available. [Bronk Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.]
No bibliographic information available. [Zilhao J e;a; 2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145. https://www.nespos.org/display/PublicNesposSpace/Lagar+Velho+ms+-+faunal+assemblage]

@misc{Kooijmans2011 451,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Anikovich M.V.  2007 Science 315: 223-226. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-,
  
}
@misc{LÔøΩonova. N.B.  Eraul 52 1991: 17-19.  Sapozhnikov I. 2005,
  
}
@misc{Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/Aerts-Bijma/van der Pflicht 2001 252 Tab. 2,
  
}
@misc{Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Haesaerts P.   2010 PPP 291: 106-127,
  
}
@misc{Duarte C.  1999. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 96:7604-7609. Zilhao J e;a; 2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145.,
  
}
@misc{Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-,
  
}
@misc{Lanting et al. 1999/2000,
  
}
@misc{Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.,
  
}
@misc{Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 169,
  
}
@misc{Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Dinnis R.  Journal of Human Evolution Volume 127  2019 Pages 21-40,
  
}
@misc{Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480 Hasaerts P.   2017 ERAUL 147: :139,
  
}
@misc{K. Valoch MoravskÔøΩ Museum Institut Anthropos 659-37 Brno CSSR. Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry,
  
}
@misc{Straus L.G. 1996. Continuity or Rupture. In: The Last Neanderthals. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Krajcarz M.T.  Archaeometry 60 2 (2018) 383-401.,
  
}
@misc{Harding/Kavruk 2010 151,
  
}
@misc{Dolukhanov 2009,
  
}
@misc{Dolukhanov and Romanovka 1970,
  
}
@misc{Lund datelist 9 pp.304-8 (Radiocarbon 18 (1976): 290-320);,
  
}
@misc{Pollard 2015,
  
}
@misc{Oross 2012,
  
}
@misc{Bourdonnec F.-X.  2012. JAS 39: 1317-1330. Tushabramishvili N. 2014. ERAUL140: 109-135. Pleurdeau D  2016. QSR 146: 77-98.,
  
}
@misc{Dennis R Flas D. 2016. PPS 82: 1-25.,
  
}
@misc{McAnany and Lopez-Varela 1999: Table 3,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao J e;a; 2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145. https://www.nespos.org/display/PublicNesposSpace/Lagar+Velho+ms+-+faunal+assemblage,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Kooijmans2011 451","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Anikovich M.V.  2007 Science 315: 223-226. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"LÔøΩonova. N.B.  Eraul 52 1991: 17-19.  Sapozhnikov I. 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/Aerts-Bijma/van der Pflicht 2001 252 Tab. 2","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Haesaerts P.   2010 PPP 291: 106-127","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Duarte C.  1999. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 96:7604-7609. Zilhao J e;a; 2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting et al. 1999/2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 169","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Dinnis R.  Journal of Human Evolution Volume 127  2019 Pages 21-40","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480 Hasaerts P.   2017 ERAUL 147: :139","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"K. Valoch MoravskÔøΩ Museum Institut Anthropos 659-37 Brno CSSR. Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Straus L.G. 1996. Continuity or Rupture. In: The Last Neanderthals. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Krajcarz M.T.  Archaeometry 60 2 (2018) 383-401.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Harding/Kavruk 2010 151","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dolukhanov 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dolukhanov and Romanovka 1970","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lund datelist 9 pp.304-8 (Radiocarbon 18 (1976): 290-320);","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pollard 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oross 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bourdonnec F.-X.  2012. JAS 39: 1317-1330. Tushabramishvili N. 2014. ERAUL140: 109-135. Pleurdeau D  2016. QSR 146: 77-98.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dennis R Flas D. 2016. PPS 82: 1-25.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"McAnany and Lopez-Varela 1999: Table 3","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao J e;a; 2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145. https://www.nespos.org/display/PublicNesposSpace/Lagar+Velho+ms+-+faunal+assemblage","bibtex_type":"misc"}

---
:bibtex_key: Kooijmans2011 451
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Anikovich M.V.  2007 Science
  315: 223-226. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'LÔøΩonova. N.B.  Eraul 52 1991: 17-19.  Sapozhnikov I. 2005'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology
  58 Supplement 17  480-'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/Aerts-Bijma/van der Pflicht 2001 252 Tab. 2
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Haesaerts P.   2010 PPP 291: 106-127'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Duarte C.  1999. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 96:7604-7609. Zilhao J e;a;
  2002. Praehistoria 3: 131-145.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology
  58 Supplement 17  480-'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting et al. 1999/2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 169
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Dinnis R.  Journal
  of Human Evolution Volume 127  2019 Pages 21-40'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480 Hasaerts P.   2017
  ERAUL 147: :139'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: K. Valoch MoravskÔøΩ Museum Institut Anthropos 659-37 Brno CSSR. Nejmann
  L.  2011 Archaeometry
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Straus L.G. 1996. Continuity or Rupture. In: The Last Neanderthals.
  Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Krajcarz M.T.  Archaeometry
  60 2 (2018) 383-401.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Harding/Kavruk 2010 151
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dolukhanov 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dolukhanov and Romanovka 1970
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lund datelist 9 pp.304-8 (Radiocarbon 18 (1976): 290-320);'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pollard 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oross 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
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Changelog

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XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC