ETH-8267

Radiocarbon date from Geissenklosterle, c. 43185–40562 cal BP

Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP): 37800
Error (±): 1050
Lab: NA
Method: NA
Sample material: bone
Sample taxon: NA

Calibration

Calibration curve

IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)

Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)

43185–40562

Context

Site: Geissenklosterle
Context
Sample position: NA
Sample coordinates: NA

Bibliographic references (52)

No bibliographic information available. [Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
No bibliographic information available. [Zilhao and d'Errico 1999]
No bibliographic information available. [Hahn 1988]
No bibliographic information available. [Housley et al. 1997]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard and Bolus 2003]
No bibliographic information available. [Hahn 1995]
No bibliographic information available. [Richter et al. 2000]
No bibliographic information available. [Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard H.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371.]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard H.J. 2008. JHE 55:886-897.]
No bibliographic information available. [JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
No bibliographic information available. [Richter JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard H.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
Capuzzo, G., Boaretto, E., & Barceló, J. A. (2014). EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France. Radiocarbon, 56(2), 851–869. https://doi.org/10.2458/56.17453 [EUBAR]
No bibliographic information available. [Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier 1963 Poverty Point Sites in Southeastern Louisiana. American Antiquity 28: 320-327.]
No bibliographic information available. [Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.]
No bibliographic information available. [Holst 2010]
No bibliographic information available. [Bradtmöller 2007]
No bibliographic information available. [StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe]
No bibliographic information available. [Braidwood 1958b 258]
No bibliographic information available. [Fiorentino et al. 2013]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard H.J. 2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T. 2012. JHE. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309.]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309.]
Vermeersch, P. M. (2020). Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included. Data Brief, 31, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793 [Vermeersch 2020]
No bibliographic information available. [May/Hauptmann 2011 136]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard N.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.]
No bibliographic information available. [Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
No bibliographic information available. [JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371]
No bibliographic information available. [Bischoff J.L. 1989 (Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 563-76). Burjachs F. Renault-Miskovsky J. 1992. Quaternaire 3(2) : 75-85. Maroto J. 2012. QI 247: 15-25. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309.]
No bibliographic information available. [Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
No bibliographic information available. [Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309.]
No bibliographic information available. [Banadora Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
No bibliographic information available. [Bronk Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M. 2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T. 2009. QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309.]
No bibliographic information available. [JAS 27 2000: 75]
No bibliographic information available. [Street and Terberger 2000]
No bibliographic information available. [L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V. 2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A. 2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology]
No bibliographic information available. [Housley 1997]
No bibliographic information available. [Banadora]
No bibliographic information available. [CohenV. 1996. The Upper Paleolithic of Crimea. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistoire 107: 93-108]
No bibliographic information available. [Gowlett et al. 1986 218]
No bibliographic information available. [Conard H.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371]
No bibliographic information available. [R. Munsil 1985 (à Die Fauna des Magdalenien; - Siedlung Oecknitz. Weimars Monographien Zur Ur- und FrÔøΩhgeschichte Weimar. Brasser M. 2010/2011. Alt Thuringen 42: 5-78.]
No bibliographic information available. [Bronk-Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Kuzmin Y.V. ea;.1998.Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World Prehistory 12(1): 1-53.]
No bibliographic information available. [JAS 27 2000: 75 Maier A. 2015 The Central European Magdalenian]
No bibliographic information available. [Antoine 2003]
No bibliographic information available. [van Noten 1982]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]

@misc{Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Zilhao and d'Errico 1999,
  
}
@misc{Hahn 1988,
  
}
@misc{Housley et al. 1997,
  
}
@misc{Conard and Bolus 2003,
  
}
@misc{Hahn 1995,
  
}
@misc{Richter et al. 2000,
  
}
@misc{Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371.,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Richter  JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T.  2012. JHE.,
  
}
@article{CapuzzoEtAl2014,
  title = {EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France},
  shorttitle = {EUBAR},
  author = {Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.},
  year = {2014},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Radiocarbon},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {851–869},
  issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
  doi = {10.2458/56.17453},
  abstract = {The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.},
  langid = {english},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier  1963    Poverty Point Sites in Southeastern Louisiana.  American Antiquity 28: 320-327.,
  
}
@misc{Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.,
  
}
@misc{Holst 2010,
  
}
@misc{Bradtmöller 2007,
  
}
@misc{StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe,
  
}
@misc{Braidwood 1958b 258,
  
}
@misc{Fiorentino et al. 2013,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T.   2012. JHE. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{May/Hauptmann 2011 136,
  
}
@misc{Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard N.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.,
  
}
@misc{Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371,
  
}
@misc{Bischoff J.L.  1989 (Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 563-76).  Burjachs F. Renault-Miskovsky J. 1992. Quaternaire 3(2) : 75-85. Maroto J.  2012. QI 247: 15-25. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75,
  
}
@misc{Street and Terberger 2000,
  
}
@misc{L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology,
  
}
@misc{Housley  1997,
  
}
@misc{Banadora,
  
}
@misc{CohenV. 1996. The Upper Paleolithic of Crimea. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistoire 107: 93-108,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett et al. 1986 218,
  
}
@misc{Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371,
  
}
@misc{R. Munsil 1985 (à Die Fauna des Magdalenien; - Siedlung Oecknitz. Weimars Monographien Zur Ur- und FrÔøΩhgeschichte Weimar. Brasser M. 2010/2011. Alt Thuringen 42: 5-78.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk-Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Kuzmin Y.V. ea;.1998.Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World  Prehistory 12(1): 1-53.,
  
}
@misc{JAS 27 2000: 75 Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian,
  
}
@misc{Antoine  2003,
  
}
@misc{van Noten 1982,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao and d'Errico 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hahn 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley et al. 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard and Bolus 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hahn 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Richter et al. 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Richter  JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T.  2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CapuzzoEtAl2014","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France}","shorttitle":"{EUBAR}","author":"{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}","year":"{2014}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Radiocarbon}","volume":"{56}","number":"{2}","pages":"{851–869}","issn":"{0033-8222, 1945-5755}","doi":"{10.2458/56.17453}","abstract":"{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}","langid":"{english}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier  1963    Poverty Point Sites in Southeastern Louisiana.  American Antiquity 28: 320-327.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Holst 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bradtmöller 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Braidwood 1958b 258","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fiorentino et al. 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T.   2012. JHE. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"May/Hauptmann 2011 136","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard N.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bischoff J.L.  1989 (Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 563-76).  Burjachs F. Renault-Miskovsky J. 1992. Quaternaire 3(2) : 75-85. Maroto J.  2012. QI 247: 15-25. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Street and Terberger 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley  1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CohenV. 1996. The Upper Paleolithic of Crimea. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistoire 107: 93-108","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett et al. 1986 218","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"R. Munsil 1985 (à Die Fauna des Magdalenien; - Siedlung Oecknitz. Weimars Monographien Zur Ur- und FrÔøΩhgeschichte Weimar. Brasser M. 2010/2011. Alt Thuringen 42: 5-78.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk-Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Kuzmin Y.V. ea;.1998.Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World  Prehistory 12(1): 1-53.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"JAS 27 2000: 75 Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Antoine  2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Noten 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}

---
:bibtex_key: 'Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham
  T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: Zilhao and d'Errico 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hahn 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley et al. 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Conard and Bolus 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hahn 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Richter et al. 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hahn 1988 cited by Teyssandier and Lioliios 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des
  Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 27 2000: 75. Bocquet-Appel J.P. & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74:
  544-52. Higham T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Richter  JAS 27 2000: 71-89. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham
  T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard H. 2004. Mitteilungen des
  Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59..Higham T.  2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CapuzzoEtAl2014
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian
    Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern
    France}"
  :shorttitle: "{EUBAR}"
  :author: "{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}"
  :year: "{2014}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Radiocarbon}"
  :volume: "{56}"
  :number: "{2}"
  :pages: "{851–869}"
  :issn: "{0033-8222, 1945-5755}"
  :doi: "{10.2458/56.17453}"
  :abstract: "{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative
    chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different
    time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between
    different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach
    was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology.
    To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for
    the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle
    Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological
    information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled
    more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology,
    quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological
    context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis,
    several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and
    different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gagliano SherWood M. and Roger T. Saucier  1963    Poverty Point Sites
  in Southeastern Louisiana.  American Antiquity 28: 320-327.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lanting J.N.Van der Plicht J. I996 De 14 C-Chronologie van de Nederlandse
  Pre-en Protohistorie I: Laat-Palaeolithicum. Palaeohistoria 37/38: 7I-125. Flas
  D. 2008. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Holst 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bradtmöller 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in
  northern Central Europe
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Braidwood 1958b 258
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fiorentino et al. 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Conard N.J 2003. JHE 44: 3321-371.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J. 2009. Nature 459: 249-250.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2008. JHE 55:886-897. Higham T.   2012. JHE. Higham T.  2014.
  Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: May/Hauptmann 2011 136
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Conard N.J. 2004. Mitteilungen des
  Gesellschaft fur Urgeschichte 13: 29-59.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Street & Terbergen 2000. German Upper Palaeolithic. In: Hunters of the
  Golden Age: 281-297. Higham T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 2000:75. Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bischoff J.L.  1989 (Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 563-76).  Burjachs
  F. Renault-Miskovsky J. 1992. Quaternaire 3(2) : 75-85. Maroto J.  2012. QI 247:
  15-25. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham T.   2012. JHE.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora Higham T.   2012. JHE.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal
  of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Higham T.  2009.  QSR doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.
  Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 27 2000: 75'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Street and Terberger 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l''Ukraine
  (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi
  II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley  1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'CohenV. 1996. The Upper Paleolithic of Crimea. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistoire
  107: 93-108'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gowlett et al. 1986 218
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Conard H.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'R. Munsil 1985 (à Die Fauna des Magdalenien; - Siedlung Oecknitz. Weimars
  Monographien Zur Ur- und FrÔøΩhgeschichte Weimar. Brasser M. 2010/2011. Alt Thuringen
  42: 5-78.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk-Ramsey C. 2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Kuzmin Y.V. ea;.1998.Radiocarbon
  chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World  Prehistory 12(1): 1-53.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'JAS 27 2000: 75 Maier A. 2015 The Central European  Magdalenian'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Antoine  2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: van Noten 1982
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC. 2001. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South
  Africa. In Tobias PV Raath MA Moggi-Cecchi J Doyle GA (eds). Humanity from African
  Naissance to Coming Millennia Florence University Press: Florence 261–268.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog

Imported from p3k14c via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC