BM-126

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Knossos
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
7000
Error (±)
180
Lab
NA
Method
14C
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, BP)
8181 - 7561
7540 - 7511

Context

Site
Knossos
Context
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (90) 

@misc{Kiel DB 3456,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{Barker & Mackey 1963: 104f.; Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1971: 117; Evans 1994, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1971: 117; Evans 1994, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.3, Efstratiou et al. 2004: 44,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1994, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.3,
  
}
@misc{Barker & Mackey 1963: 104, Evans 1971: 117, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh & Matthews 1982: 159, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1971: 117, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al.1977, Evans 1971: 117, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh & Matthews 1982: 159, Coleman 1992: 211 given erronously as BM-179, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh & Matthews 1982: 158, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al.1977, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Douka 2017,
  
}
@misc{Barker and Mackey 1963, 104,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 3465,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 3470,
  
}
@misc{Alberti 2013,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis and Maniatis 2013,
  
}
@misc{Fishman 1978,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90; Renfrew 1971,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90; Evans 1968; Barker et al. 1969; Perlès 2001,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90; Shennan/Steele 2000; Barker et al. 1969; Perlès 2001,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90; Barker et al. 1969; Perlès 2001,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90; Demoule/Perlès 1993; Perlès 2001; Barker/Mackey 1963,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 90; Evans 1968; Perlès 2001; Burleigh/Matthews 1982,
  
}
@misc{Hedges et al. 1990; Kutschera/Stadler 2000, 73,
  
}
@misc{Kutschera/Stadler 2000, 73,
  
}
@misc{BarkerMackey1963;BramiZanotti2015;DemouleetalPerles1993;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisetalManiatis2013;Manningetal2015;Myersetal1992;Perlès2001;Reingruber2015;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Warrenetal1968;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BarkerMackey1963;BramiZanotti2015;FacorellisetalManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Warrenetal1968;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;BurleighMatthews1982;FacorellisetalManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Tomkins2007;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;BurleighMatthews1982;Evans1968;FacorellisetalManiatis2013;Manningetal2015;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Tomkins2007;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Barkeretal1969;BramiZanotti2015;Evans1968;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Tomkins2007;Warrenetal1968;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Barkeretal1969;BramiZanotti2015;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Renfrew1971;Tomkins2007;Warrenetal1968;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Barkeretal1969;BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisManiatis2013;Myersetal1992;Perlès2001;Reingruber2015;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Warrenetal1968;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Barkeretal1969;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;Renfrew1971;Tomkins2007;Warrenetal1968;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Burleighetal1977;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Tomkins2007;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Burleighetal1977;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;Tomkins2007;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Burleighetal1977;Myersetal1992;Warren1976,
  
}
@misc{Burleighetal1977;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;Tomkins2007;Warren1976;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Burleighetal1977;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;Tomkins2007,
  
}
@misc{BurleighMatthews1982;Burleighetal1977;FacorellisManiatis2013;Tomkins2007,
  
}
@misc{Hinzetal2012;Myersetal1992;Warren1976,
  
}
@misc{BurleighMatthews1982;FacorellisManiatis2013;Hinzetal2012;Tomkins2007;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis1996,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;FacorellisManiatis2013,
  
}
@misc{KutscheraStadler2000;ManningWeninger1992,
  
}
@misc{Höflmayer2010;MacDonaldKnappett2007,
  
}
@misc{Tomkins2007,
  
}
@misc{Efstratiou2014,
  
}
@misc{MomiglianoWilson1996,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Efstratiou2014;FacorellisManiatis2013;Reingruber2015;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Myersetal1992;StuckenrathLawn1969,
  
}
@misc{Myersetal1992;StuckenrathLawn1969;WeinsteinMichael1978,
  
}
@misc{Betancourtetal1978;Myersetal1992;StuckenrathLawn1969,
  
}
@misc{KutscheraStadler2000;ManningWeninger1992;Myersetal1992;StuckenrathetalLawn1969,
  
}
@misc{FishmanLaw1978;KutscheraStadler2000;ManningetalWeninger1992;Myersetal1992,
  
}
@misc{FishmanLaw1978;Myersetal1992,
  
}
@misc{Zouridakisetal1987,
  
}
@misc{Wijnen 1981 p. 130-133.,
  
}
@misc{Barker & Mackey 1963: 104f.; Barker et al. 1969 Evans 1971: 117; Evans 1994 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{14SEA,
  
}
@misc{Barker & Mackey 1963: 104 Evans 1971: 117 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh & Matthews 1982: 159 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969 Evans 1971: 117; Evans 1994 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969 Evans 1971: 117 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969 Evans 1994 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al.1977 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al.1977 Evans 1971: 117 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh & Matthews 1982: 158 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh & Matthews 1982: 159 Coleman 1992: 211 given erronously as BM-179 Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2,
  
}
@misc{SPANGLER 2000,
  
}
@misc{Maniatis 2015,
  
}
@misc{Karamitrou-Mentessidi et al. 2014,
  
}
@misc{Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.,
  
}
@misc{Archaeometry  30(2) (1988) 291-305,
  
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@misc{Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Lanting et al. 1999/2000,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett et al. 1987; Pettipas and Buchner 1983; Buchner 1984a 1984b; Gillespie et al. 1985,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.3 Efstratiou et al. 2004: 44,
  
}
@misc{Kutschera/Stadler 2000 73,
  
}
@misc{Satterthwaite and Ralph 1960: Table 1; Kennett et al 2013: Table S1,
  
}
@misc{Fishman and Lawn 1978,
  
}

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Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Archaeometry  30(2) (1988) 291-305","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting et al. 1999/2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett et al. 1987; Pettipas and Buchner 1983; Buchner 1984a 1984b; Gillespie et al. 1985","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.3 Efstratiou et al. 2004: 44","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kutschera/Stadler 2000 73","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Satterthwaite and Ralph 1960: Table 1; Kennett et al 2013: Table S1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fishman and Lawn 1978","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 3456
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Barker & Mackey 1963: 104f.; Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1971: 117; Evans
  1994, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1971: 117; Evans 1994, Facorellis & Maniatis
  2013: Table 10.1–2'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.3, Efstratiou et al. 2004: 44'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Barker et al. 1969, Evans 1994, Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.1–2'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Facorellis & Maniatis 2013: Table 10.3'
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- :bibtex_key: RADON
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    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
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Changelog