Pta-919
Radiocarbon date from
Sehonghong,
c. 24935–23830 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Measurement
- Age (uncal BP)
- 20240
- Error (±)
- 230
- Lab
- NA
- Method
- conventional 14C
- Sample material
- Sample taxon
- NA
Calibration
- Calibration curve
- SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)
- Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
-
- 24935–23830
Context
- Site
- Sehonghong
- Context
- Sample position
- NA
- Sample coordinates
- NA
Bibliographic references
(31)
- No bibliographic information available. [carter1974dia]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [fewlass2020ced]
- No bibliographic information available. [loftus2015sie]
- No bibliographic information available. [pargeter2017ssi]
- No bibliographic information available. [mitchell1996qlh]
- No bibliographic information available. [mitchell1994uta]
- No bibliographic information available. [carter1988sml]
- No bibliographic information available. [horsburgh2016rkd]
- No bibliographic information available. [Fewlass H. Mitchell P.J. Casanova E. and Cramp L.J. 2020. Chemical evidence of dairying by hunter-gatherers in highland Lesotho in the late first millennium ad.Nature Human Behaviour pp.1-9.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Oxford Date List 14]
- No bibliographic information available. [Loftus E. Stewart B.A. Dewar G. and Lee‐Thorp J. 2015. Stable isotope evidence of late MIS 3 to middle Holocene palaeoenvironments from Sehonghong Rockshelter eastern Lesotho.Journal of Quaternary Science30(8) pp.805-816.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Bailey G.1997. Klithi; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Pargeter J. Loftus E. and Mitchell P. 2017. New ages from Sehonghong rock shelter: Implications for the late Pleistocene occupation of highland Lesotho.Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports12 pp.307-315.]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mitchell P.J. 1994. Understanding the MSA/LSA transition: the pre-20 000 BP assemblages from new excavations at Sehonghong Rock Shelter Lesotho.Southern African Field Archaeology3 pp.15-25.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Nienaber W.C. and Steyn M. 2005. The rescue excavation and analysis of human remains from Hoekfontein North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.1-9.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Radiocarbon 1960 63]
- No bibliographic information available. [Horsburgh K.A. Moreno-Mayar J.V. and Gosling A.L. 2016. Revisiting the Kalahari debate in the highlands: ancient DNA provides new faunal identifications at Sehonghong Lesotho.Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa51(3) pp.295-306.]
- Jørgensen, E. K. (2020). The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic Norway: An Overview of Human-Climate Covariation. Quaternary International, 549, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.014 [Jørgensen 2020]
@misc{carter1974dia,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@misc{fewlass2020ced,
}
@misc{loftus2015sie,
}
@misc{pargeter2017ssi,
}
@misc{mitchell1996qlh,
}
@misc{mitchell1994uta,
}
@misc{carter1988sml,
}
@misc{horsburgh2016rkd,
}
@misc{Fewlass H. Mitchell P.J. Casanova E. and Cramp L.J. 2020. Chemical evidence of dairying by hunter-gatherers in highland Lesotho in the late first millennium ad.Nature Human Behaviour pp.1-9.,
}
@misc{Oxford Date List 14,
}
@misc{Loftus E. Stewart B.A. Dewar G. and Lee‐Thorp J. 2015. Stable isotope evidence of late MIS 3 to middle Holocene palaeoenvironments from Sehonghong Rockshelter eastern Lesotho.Journal of Quaternary Science30(8) pp.805-816.,
}
@misc{Bailey G.1997. Klithi; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge.,
}
@misc{Pargeter J. Loftus E. and Mitchell P. 2017. New ages from Sehonghong rock shelter: Implications for the late Pleistocene occupation of highland Lesotho.Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports12 pp.307-315.,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.,
}
@misc{Mitchell P.J. 1994. Understanding the MSA/LSA transition: the pre-20 000 BP assemblages from new excavations at Sehonghong Rock Shelter Lesotho.Southern African Field Archaeology3 pp.15-25.,
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.,
}
@misc{Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56.,
}
@misc{Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242.,
}
@misc{Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.,
}
@misc{Nienaber W.C. and Steyn M. 2005. The rescue excavation and analysis of human remains from Hoekfontein North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.1-9.,
}
@misc{Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.,
}
@misc{Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.,
}
@misc{Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.,
}
@misc{Radiocarbon 1960 63,
}
@misc{Horsburgh K.A. Moreno-Mayar J.V. and Gosling A.L. 2016. Revisiting the Kalahari debate in the highlands: ancient DNA provides new faunal identifications at Sehonghong Lesotho.Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa51(3) pp.295-306.,
}
@article{Jorgensen2020,
title = {The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic Norway: An Overview of Human-Climate Covariation},
shorttitle = {The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic Norway},
author = {Jørgensen, Erlend Kirkeng},
date = {2020-05-30},
journaltitle = {Quaternary International},
shortjournal = {Quaternary International},
series = {Long-Term Perspectives on Circumpolar Social-Ecological Systems},
volume = {549},
pages = {36–51},
issn = {1040-6182},
doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.014},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618217315124},
urldate = {2023-09-07},
abstract = {This paper presents the first palaeodemographic results of a newly assembled region-wide radiocarbon record of the Arctic regions of northern Norway. The dataset contains a comprehensive collection of radiocarbon dates in the area (N\,= 1205) and spans the 10,000-year period of hunter-gatherer settlement history from 11500 to 1500 cal BP. Utilizing local, high-resolution palaeoclimate data, the paper performs multi-proxy correlation testing of climate and demographic dynamics, looking for hunter-gatherer responses to climate variability. The paper compares both long-term climate trends and short-term disruptive climate events with the demographic development in the region. The results demonstrate marked demographic fluctuations throughout the period, characterized by a general increase, punctuated by three significant boom and bust-cycles centred on 6000, 3800 and 2200 cal BP, interpreted as instances of climate forcing of human demographic responses. The results strongly suggest the North Cape Current as a primary driver in the local environment and supports the patterns of covariance between coastal climate proxies and the palaeodemographic model. A mechanism of climate forcing mediation through marine trophic webs is proposed as a tentative explanation of the observed demographic fluxes, and a comparison with inter-regional results demonstrate remarkable similarity in demographic trends across mid-Holocene north and west Europe. The results of the north Norwegian radiocarbon record are thus consistent with independent, international efforts, corroborating the existing pan-European results and help further substantiate super-regional climate variability as the primary driver of population dynamics regardless of economic adaptation.},
keywords = {Archaeology,Human ecology,Human/climate covariation,Northern Norway,Palaeodemographic modelling,Summed probability distribution (SPD)}
}
{"bibtex_key":"carter1974dia","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]{"bibtex_key":"fewlass2020ced","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"loftus2015sie","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"pargeter2017ssi","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"mitchell1996qlh","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"mitchell1994uta","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"carter1988sml","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"horsburgh2016rkd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fewlass H. Mitchell P.J. Casanova E. and Cramp L.J. 2020. Chemical evidence of dairying by hunter-gatherers in highland Lesotho in the late first millennium ad.Nature Human Behaviour pp.1-9.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oxford Date List 14","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Loftus E. Stewart B.A. Dewar G. and Lee‐Thorp J. 2015. Stable isotope evidence of late MIS 3 to middle Holocene palaeoenvironments from Sehonghong Rockshelter eastern Lesotho.Journal of Quaternary Science30(8) pp.805-816.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bailey G.1997. Klithi; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pargeter J. Loftus E. and Mitchell P. 2017. New ages from Sehonghong rock shelter: Implications for the late Pleistocene occupation of highland Lesotho.Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports12 pp.307-315.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mitchell P.J. 1994. Understanding the MSA/LSA transition: the pre-20 000 BP assemblages from new excavations at Sehonghong Rock Shelter Lesotho.Southern African Field Archaeology3 pp.15-25.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nienaber W.C. and Steyn M. 2005. The rescue excavation and analysis of human remains from Hoekfontein North West Province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.1-9.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological Reports International Series.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Radiocarbon 1960 63","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Horsburgh K.A. Moreno-Mayar J.V. and Gosling A.L. 2016. Revisiting the Kalahari debate in the highlands: ancient DNA provides new faunal identifications at Sehonghong Lesotho.Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa51(3) pp.295-306.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Jorgensen2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic Norway: An Overview of Human-Climate Covariation}","shorttitle":"{The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic Norway}","author":"{Jørgensen, Erlend Kirkeng}","date":"{2020-05-30}","journaltitle":"{Quaternary International}","shortjournal":"{Quaternary International}","series":"{Long-Term Perspectives on Circumpolar Social-Ecological Systems}","volume":"{549}","pages":"{36–51}","issn":"{1040-6182}","doi":"{10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.014}","url":"{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618217315124}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{This paper presents the first palaeodemographic results of a newly assembled region-wide radiocarbon record of the Arctic regions of northern Norway. The dataset contains a comprehensive collection of radiocarbon dates in the area (N\\,= 1205) and spans the 10,000-year period of hunter-gatherer settlement history from 11500 to 1500 cal BP. Utilizing local, high-resolution palaeoclimate data, the paper performs multi-proxy correlation testing of climate and demographic dynamics, looking for hunter-gatherer responses to climate variability. The paper compares both long-term climate trends and short-term disruptive climate events with the demographic development in the region. The results demonstrate marked demographic fluctuations throughout the period, characterized by a general increase, punctuated by three significant boom and bust-cycles centred on 6000, 3800 and 2200 cal BP, interpreted as instances of climate forcing of human demographic responses. The results strongly suggest the North Cape Current as a primary driver in the local environment and supports the patterns of covariance between coastal climate proxies and the palaeodemographic model. A mechanism of climate forcing mediation through marine trophic webs is proposed as a tentative explanation of the observed demographic fluxes, and a comparison with inter-regional results demonstrate remarkable similarity in demographic trends across mid-Holocene north and west Europe. The results of the north Norwegian radiocarbon record are thus consistent with independent, international efforts, corroborating the existing pan-European results and help further substantiate super-regional climate variability as the primary driver of population dynamics regardless of economic adaptation.}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Human ecology,Human/climate covariation,Northern Norway,Palaeodemographic modelling,Summed probability distribution (SPD)}"}]---
:bibtex_key: carter1974dia
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
:bibtex_key: fewlass2020ced
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: loftus2015sie
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: pargeter2017ssi
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: mitchell1996qlh
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: mitchell1994uta
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: carter1988sml
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: horsburgh2016rkd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fewlass H. Mitchell P.J. Casanova E. and Cramp L.J. 2020. Chemical evidence
of dairying by hunter-gatherers in highland Lesotho in the late first millennium
ad.Nature Human Behaviour pp.1-9.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oxford Date List 14
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Loftus E. Stewart B.A. Dewar G. and Lee‐Thorp J. 2015. Stable isotope
evidence of late MIS 3 to middle Holocene palaeoenvironments from Sehonghong Rockshelter
eastern Lesotho.Journal of Quaternary Science30(8) pp.805-816.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bailey G.1997. Klithi; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
Cambridge.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pargeter J. Loftus E. and Mitchell P. 2017. New ages from Sehonghong
rock shelter: Implications for the late Pleistocene occupation of highland Lesotho.Journal
of Archaeological Science: Reports12 pp.307-315.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern
Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong
shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P.J. 1994. Understanding the MSA/LSA transition: the pre-20
000 BP assemblages from new excavations at Sehonghong Rock Shelter Lesotho.Southern
African Field Archaeology3 pp.15-25.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South
Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pistorius J.C. Badenhorst S. and Plug I. 2001. Late Iron Age sites on
Mmatshetshele Mountain in the Central Bankeveld of the North West Province South
Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 pp.46-56.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P. Plug I. Bailey G. Charles R. Esterhuysen A. Thorp J.L. Parker
A. and Woodborne S. 2011. Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene
hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho.Antiquity85(330) pp.1225-1242.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant
the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield
Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological
Bulletin pp.104-121.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Nienaber W.C. and Steyn M. 2005. The rescue excavation and analysis of
human remains from Hoekfontein North West Province South Africa.The South African
Archaeological Bulletin pp.1-9.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages
from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads
from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Carter P.L. Mitchell P.J. and Vinnicombe P. 1988. Sehonghong: The Middle
and Later Stone Age industrial sequence at a Lesotho rockshelter. British Archaeological
Reports International Series.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Radiocarbon 1960 63
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Horsburgh K.A. Moreno-Mayar J.V. and Gosling A.L. 2016. Revisiting the
Kalahari debate in the highlands: ancient DNA provides new faunal identifications
at Sehonghong Lesotho.Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa51(3) pp.295-306.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Jorgensen2020
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic
Norway: An Overview of Human-Climate Covariation}"
:shorttitle: "{The Palaeodemographic and Environmental Dynamics of Prehistoric Arctic
Norway}"
:author: "{Jørgensen, Erlend Kirkeng}"
:date: "{2020-05-30}"
:journaltitle: "{Quaternary International}"
:shortjournal: "{Quaternary International}"
:series: "{Long-Term Perspectives on Circumpolar Social-Ecological Systems}"
:volume: "{549}"
:pages: "{36–51}"
:issn: "{1040-6182}"
:doi: "{10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.014}"
:url: "{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618217315124}"
:urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
:abstract: "{This paper presents the first palaeodemographic results of a newly
assembled region-wide radiocarbon record of the Arctic regions of northern Norway.
The dataset contains a comprehensive collection of radiocarbon dates in the area
(N\\,= 1205) and spans the 10,000-year period of hunter-gatherer settlement history
from 11500 to 1500 cal BP. Utilizing local, high-resolution palaeoclimate data,
the paper performs multi-proxy correlation testing of climate and demographic
dynamics, looking for hunter-gatherer responses to climate variability. The paper
compares both long-term climate trends and short-term disruptive climate events
with the demographic development in the region. The results demonstrate marked
demographic fluctuations throughout the period, characterized by a general increase,
punctuated by three significant boom and bust-cycles centred on 6000, 3800 and
2200 cal BP, interpreted as instances of climate forcing of human demographic
responses. The results strongly suggest the North Cape Current as a primary driver
in the local environment and supports the patterns of covariance between coastal
climate proxies and the palaeodemographic model. A mechanism of climate forcing
mediation through marine trophic webs is proposed as a tentative explanation of
the observed demographic fluxes, and a comparison with inter-regional results
demonstrate remarkable similarity in demographic trends across mid-Holocene north
and west Europe. The results of the north Norwegian radiocarbon record are thus
consistent with independent, international efforts, corroborating the existing
pan-European results and help further substantiate super-regional climate variability
as the primary driver of population dynamics regardless of economic adaptation.}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Human ecology,Human/climate covariation,Northern Norway,Palaeodemographic
modelling,Summed probability distribution (SPD)}"