Pta-1985

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Great Zimbabwe
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
690
Error (±)
45
Lab
NA
Method
conventional 14C
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, BP)
688 - 622
610 - 554

Context

Site
Great Zimbabwe
Context
W. Encl. Test 1, Layer 11
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (17) 

@misc{robinson1961ecd,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@misc{huffman1991cgz,
  
}
@misc{chirikure2013bcg,
  
}
@misc{sheppard1966rrm,
  
}
@misc{Robinson K.R. 1961. An early iron-age site from the Chibi district Southern Rhodesia.The South African Archaeological Bulletin16(63) pp.75-102.,
  
}
@misc{Crane and Griffin 1959: 37; Faunmap 1914,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys AJB. 1975. Burchell's Shelter: The history and archaeology of a northern Cape rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin30(117/118) pp.3-18.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.,
  
}
@misc{Hall M. 1980. An iron-smelting site in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve Zululand.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.165-175.,
  
}
@misc{CONTEXT after Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; PPND,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.,
  
}
@misc{Linseele V. 2007,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"robinson1961ecd","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]{"bibtex_key":"huffman1991cgz","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"chirikure2013bcg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sheppard1966rrm","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robinson K.R. 1961. An early iron-age site from the Chibi district Southern Rhodesia.The South African Archaeological Bulletin16(63) pp.75-102.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Crane and Griffin 1959: 37; Faunmap 1914","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys AJB. 1975. Burchell's Shelter: The history and archaeology of a northern Cape rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin30(117/118) pp.3-18.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hall M. 1980. An iron-smelting site in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve Zululand.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.165-175.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT after Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; PPND","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.157-175.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Linseele V. 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: robinson1961ecd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
:bibtex_key: huffman1991cgz
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: chirikure2013bcg
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sheppard1966rrm
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Robinson K.R. 1961. An early iron-age site from the Chibi district Southern
  Rhodesia.The South African Archaeological Bulletin16(63) pp.75-102.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Crane and Griffin 1959: 37; Faunmap 1914'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Humphreys AJB. 1975. Burchell''s Shelter: The history and archaeology
  of a northern Cape rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin30(117/118)
  pp.3-18.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western
  Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hall M. 1980. An iron-smelting site in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve Zululand.Annals
  of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.165-175.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CONTEXT after Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; Kuijt and Bar-Yosef 1994; PPND
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Humphreys A.J.B. 2009. A Riet River retrospective.Southern African Humanities21(1)
  pp.157-175.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Linseele V. 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog