OxA-4782

Radiocarbon date from Hyaena Den, c. 45935–41980 cal BP

Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP): 40400
Error (±): 1600
Lab: NA
Method: AMS
Sample material: tooth, incisor, cutmarks
Sample taxon: NA

Calibration

Calibration curve

IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)

Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)

45935–41980

Context

Site: Hyaena Den
Context: habitat
Sample position: NA
Sample coordinates: NA

Bibliographic references (14)

No bibliographic information available. [Oxford radiocarbon website]
PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database. (2011). PaleoAnthropology, 2011, 1–12. [PACEA]
No bibliographic information available. [Hedges et al. 1996b]
No bibliographic information available. [Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234. Jacobi 2006. JQS 21: 557-573.]
Vermeersch, P. M. (2020). Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included. Data Brief, 31, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793 [Vermeersch 2020]
No bibliographic information available. [Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1]
No bibliographic information available. [Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Juby C. 2011. PhD Royal Holloway. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309.]
No bibliographic information available. [Weber J.M. 2010 QI doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.002.]
No bibliographic information available. [Jacobi R.M. 2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.]
No bibliographic information available. [Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415]
No bibliographic information available. [Sinitsyn A.A. 2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka 2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17 480-]
No bibliographic information available. [StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe(after Weniger1990;Schuler1994;Housley et al1997)]
No bibliographic information available. [Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J. 2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T. 2012. JHE.]
No bibliographic information available. [Oxford Datelist]

@misc{Oxford radiocarbon website,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@misc{Hedges et al. 1996b,
  
}
@misc{Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234. Jacobi 2006. JQS 21: 557-573.,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1,
  
}
@misc{Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Juby C. 2011. PhD Royal Holloway. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Weber J.M.  2010 QI doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.002.,
  
}
@misc{Jacobi R.M. 2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.,
  
}
@misc{Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415,
  
}
@misc{Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-,
  
}
@misc{StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe(after Weniger1990;Schuler1994;Housley et al1997),
  
}
@misc{Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.,
  
}
@misc{Oxford Datelist,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Oxford radiocarbon website","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Hedges et al. 1996b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234. Jacobi 2006. JQS 21: 557-573.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Juby C. 2011. PhD Royal Holloway. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Weber J.M.  2010 QI doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.002.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jacobi R.M. 2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology 58 Supplement 17  480-","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern Central Europe(after Weniger1990;Schuler1994;Housley et al1997)","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham T.   2012. JHE.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oxford Datelist","bibtex_type":"misc"}

---
:bibtex_key: Oxford radiocarbon website
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
:bibtex_key: Hedges et al. 1996b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Archaeometry 31 2 (1989) 207 - 234. Jacobi 2006. JQS 21: 557-573.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bayliss et al. 2015: Table 1'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pettitt P. 1999. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-241. Juby C.
  2011. PhD Royal Holloway. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Weber J.M.  2010 QI doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.002.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Jacobi R.M. 2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sinitsyn A.A.  2006. QI 152-153: 175-185. Douka  2017 Current Anthropology
  58 Supplement 17  480-'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: StreetMaspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in
  northern Central Europe(after Weniger1990;Schuler1994;Housley et al1997)
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Richter ; JAS 27 2000: 75. Conard N.J.  2003. JHE 44: 331-371. Higham
  T.   2012. JHE.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oxford Datelist
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog

Imported from PACEA via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC