Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
029.500° S, 031.083° E
Coordinates (DMS)
029° 30' 00" E, 031° 04' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (23)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GrA-19670 BSp2 bone NA conventional 14C 28880±170 BP wadley2005tsf
Pta-3765 MOD charcoal NA conventional 14C 26000±420 BP wadley2006sbe
Pta-3767 MOD charcoal NA conventional 14C 24200±290 BP wadley2006sbe
Pta-7775 RSp charcoal NA conventional 14C wadley2001lms
Pta-8015 BSS pit charcoal NA conventional 14C 960±25 BP wadley2001lms
Pta-8017 CO charcoal NA conventional 14C 42300±1300 BP wadley2005tsf
Pta-8022 B MOD charcoal NA conventional 14C 24800±370 BP wadley2001lms
Pta-8136 O MOD2-BL charcoal NA conventional 14C wadley2001lms
Pta-8137 B/Y charcoal NA conventional 14C 10490±110 BP wadley2001lms
Pta-8139 RSp hearth charcoal NA conventional 14C wadley2001lms
Pta-8142 O MOD 2 charcoal NA conventional 14C 34300±2000 BP wadley2001lms
Pta-9196 BSS2 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1030±40 BP wood2009cgb
Pta-9202 Hut floor charcoal NA conventional 14C 970±50 BP wood2009cgb
GrA-19670 bone NA NA 28880±170 BP Pearce 2013 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3765 charcoal NA NA 26000±420 BP Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-3767 charcoal NA NA 24200±290 BP Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town). Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8015 charcoal NA NA 960±25 BP Wadley L. 2005. A typological study of the final Middle Stone Age stone tools from Sibudu Cave KwaZulu-Natal.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.51-63. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8017 charcoal NA NA 42300±1300 BP Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8022 charcoal NA NA 24800±370 BP Ohinata F. 2001. Archaeology of iron-using farming communities in Swaziland: pots people and life during the first and second millennia AD. (Doctoral dissertation: University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8137 charcoal NA NA 10490±110 BP Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (26)

Classification Estimated age References
MSA NA wadley2001lms
Final MSA NA NA
Iron Age NA wood2009cgb
NA NA
Iron Age NA wood2009cgb
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{wadley2005tsf,
  
}
@misc{wadley2006sbe,
  
}
@misc{wadley2001lms,
  
}
@misc{wood2009cgb,
  
}
@misc{Pearce 2013,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26.,
  
}
@misc{Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2005. A typological study of the final Middle Stone Age stone tools from Sibudu Cave KwaZulu-Natal.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.51-63.,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.,
  
}
@misc{Ohinata F. 2001. Archaeology of iron-using farming communities in Swaziland: pots people and life during the first and second millennia AD. (Doctoral dissertation: University of Oxford).,
  
}
@misc{Ohinata F. 2002. The beginning of'Tsonga'archaeology: excavations at Simunye north-eastern Swaziland.Southern African Humanities14(1) pp.23-50.,
  
}
@misc{Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"wadley2005tsf","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2006sbe","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2001lms","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wood2009cgb","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pearce 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2005. A typological study of the final Middle Stone Age stone tools from Sibudu Cave KwaZulu-Natal.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.51-63.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ohinata F. 2001. Archaeology of iron-using farming communities in Swaziland: pots people and life during the first and second millennia AD. (Doctoral dissertation: University of Oxford).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ohinata F. 2002. The beginning of'Tsonga'archaeology: excavations at Simunye north-eastern Swaziland.Southern African Humanities14(1) pp.23-50.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2005tsf
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2006sbe
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2001lms
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wood2009cgb
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pearce 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. and Jacobs Z. 2006. Sibudu Cave: background to the excavations
  stratigraphy and dating.Southern African Humanities18(1) pp.1-26.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human
  skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral
  dissertation University of Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wadley L. 2005. A typological study of the final Middle Stone Age stone
  tools from Sibudu Cave KwaZulu-Natal.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.51-63.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South
  Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Ohinata F. 2001. Archaeology of iron-using farming communities in Swaziland:
  pots people and life during the first and second millennia AD. (Doctoral dissertation:
  University of Oxford).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Ohinata F. 2002. The beginning of''Tsonga''archaeology: excavations
  at Simunye north-eastern Swaziland.Southern African Humanities14(1) pp.23-50.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wood M. Dussubieux L. and Wadley L. 2009. A cache of∼ 5000 glass beads
  from the Sibudu Cave Iron Age occupation.Southern African Humanities21(1) pp.239-261.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog